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Aluminium for safer trucks

Road safety and fuel efficiency are without doubt two major priorities for EU policy makers. One area where a lot can be done for the road safety is to reduce the severity of accidents between large trucks and smaller personal vehicles and vulnerable road users. Due to restrictions in the dimensions of heavy duty vehicles (EU Directive 96/53/EC), tractors are normally designed in a very compact way in order to maximise the volume of goods that can be carried.

Figure 1

The compact design leads to a flat front which in the event of a crash with a smaller vehicle absorbs very little crash energy. A study was consequently launched to investigate if a longer tractor optimised for better aerodynamics and pedestrian safety (Figure 1) could be equipped with an energy-absorbing crash management system (CMS).

The resulting design of the CMS can be seen in Figure 2. The lower structure is an energy-absorbing Front Under-run Protection (ea-FUP), which softens the impact of the crash and prevents passenger cars from being run over by the truck. The upper structure acts mainly as protection for the truck driver.

 

Figure 2

Advanced aluminium alloys were used due to its high specific energy absorption capacity compared to other materials. This resulted in a very modest weight increase of 10 kg compared to a CMS from a conventional tractor with a much lower energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, by designing the CMS with extruded aluminium profiles, it was possible to keep the cost of the CMS low.

Figure 3

The report shows that increasing the energy absorbing capacity of the truck front structure can greatly improve its behaviour in the event of a crash (Figure 3). But the adoption of devices into the design of new trucks must not be penalized. Thus a change in the size and weight directive 96/53/EC is needed so that an improvement of the safety or the fuel efficiency does not influence the payload capacity.

The study was conducted and published by the Institut für Kraftfahrzeuge of RWTH Aachen University and was a part of a bigger study in collaboration with the NGO Transport & Environment.

More information:

- Link to leaflet

- Link to study

- [email protected]